Electronics - Basics & Interesting Circuits

:Basics of Electronics:

Dear Reader, first I want to clear you about this topic; this is only for beginner; only to learn you how to connect circuits actually.

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Power terminal: Two type of power terminal in DC power. E.g: Battery. They may called as below given:-

Anode (a) = Positive                         Cathode (k) = Negative

Symbols of Electronics:

LED(Light Emitting Diode) : Its simple a tinny bulb.

Symbol of LED

Actual photo of Resistance

LED has Positive and Negative terminal: 

Terminal of LED

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Resistance:   

Common Resistance: Common use resistance Symbols in electronics circuits in 2 way:

Modern Symbol

                                                                       

                                                                        or 

Old Symbol

Actual photo of Resistance

Read value of Resistance: Resistance value calculate in Ohm(Ω) but in circuit diagram its can be in:

                                    E or R  = Ohm
                                           K  = kilo Ohm
                                           M  = Mega Ohm
             
==>>  Some circuit designer wrote resistance value in different format 
                                
                     e.g: 4R5 = 4.5 R,     3K5 = 3.5 K or 3 Kilo Ohm & 500 Ohm etc.




to read resistance value, calculate color code, now many online site is available to calculate it, go to this site to read resistance value

1:   http://www.digikey.com/us/en/mkt/calculators/4-band-resistors.html

2:   http://www.csgnetwork.com/resistcolcalc.html

3:   http://www.dannyg.com/examples/res2/resistor.htm

4:   http://www.hobby-hour.com/electronics/resistorcalculator.php


How to connect : no any positive/ negative terminal.

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: Variable Resistance :

Can adjust or change value of resistance in live circuit. denominate in symbol:

Variable Resistance (Modern Symbol)

Variable Resistance (Old Symbol)

Close photo of Variable Resit.

Physical Fig.

How to connect : It has three leg, two legs(B & C) are parallel,are common, connect with one end  and third leg(A) are connect with other end.

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: Diodes :

Diodes:  Diode flow electricity in only one direction, use this to protect circuit of backward current flows (usually).  Its symbol show direction of electricity flow.

Symbol of Diode

Real picture of Diode

 Use in Circuit:  check out this picture to understand positive & negative terminal.

Diode positive and negative terminal

Diode Value Chart:

Rectifier Circuit:  

                

                              Diode mostly use to  convert AC to DC, its called rectifier / Bridge / Filter.

               

Note: Common diode positive terminal output is negative , and negative terminal gives positive output in rectifier.

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:  Zener Diode  :

Zener Diode:     Zener Diode is use to maintain fixed voltage, physically its look same like Diode.                                  Zener Diode distinguishes from Diode is only by the their code. mostly code starts or end with "ZX".

Zener Diode Symbol

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: Capacitors :

Its clear with name, able to store current. its store capacity increase with largeness.

Type of Capacitors: There are many type of capacitor, but divided in two part.
                                 
         1: Polarised  (care about +ve /-ve poles at installation)
                               
                         Symbols: 

  

Original Picture of Capacitor

Note: Polorised capacitors come with voltage e.g: 10uf 50v, means this capacitor works at maximum 50 volt. Suppose, a circuit require 10uf 25v, u can use 10uf 50v or 10uf 35v. Means capacitor value must be match as per circuit require. always remember, difference of volt require of capacitor should not be very high. e.g 10uf 25v require in circuit and u used 10uf 220v, it may not work with circuit.

                 
   2: Unpolarised. (No +ve /-ve)

Original Picture of Capacitor

Original Picture

You can use this capacitor in any manner,  there is not mention Volt only mention capacitor value or a marketing code e.g: 104, 224 etc.  little difficult to find value but online easy to find.


3: Preset / Variable Capacitor : can reset its value according to circuit requirement. example: volume controller audio amplifier circuit is based on variable capacitor.

Note: The both back leg are common. means connect to circuit with one leg of back and one leg of front.

Capacitor measure in FARAD (F).  Thee prefix use to show capacitor value

Microfarad (µ or uF or mF),
Nanofarad (nf or nF)
Pecofarad (pf or pF)

 µ (micro), n (nano) and p (pico)

To convert value use this chart:

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